Spear Shaking in English Literature

Here are pasages from English literature through 1640 where the word "spear" is found near some form of the word "shake." This list is probably incomplete, and as other instances are found, they will be added. I have transcribed these excerpts from the originals where possible, or else from facsimile reprints or modern editions which preserve the original spelling. Line or stanza numbers are given where they are present; where there is no numbering, page or signature number are given.


12th - 15th c. (Anon., Kyng Alisaunder)

...Twenty thousand maidens upon destrers,
That conne on felde wel shake a spere
And stronge kniyttes out of her sadles...
[London: Early English Text Society, 1952]


15th c. (Anon., Knythode and Bataile)

Armure to bere, and barrys like a sworde,
  To bere on with the foyn, and not to shere,
And smyte thorgh a plank other a boorde,
  And myghtily to shake and caste a spere,
And loke grym, a Ml. men to fere,
  And course a myghti hors with spere & shelde,
  And daily so ho is flour of the feelde.
  (part 3, stanza 32)
[Knythode and Bataile: A XVth Century Verse Paraphrase of Flavius Vegetius Renatus' Treatise "De Re Militari" (London: Early English Text Society, 1935), p.44.]


1579 (E.K. in a note to "October" in Edmund Spenser, The Shepheardes Calender)

Queint) strange Bellona; the goddesse of battaile, that is Pallas, which may therefore wel be called queint for that (as Lucian saith) when Iupiter her father was in traueile of her, he caused his sonne Vulcane with his axe to hew his head. Out of which leaped forth lustely a valian damsell armed at all poyntes, whom seeing Vulcane so faire & comely, lightly leaping to her, proferred her some cortesie, which the Lady disdeigning, shaked her speare at him, and threatned his saucinesse.Therefore such strauungenesse is well applyed to her.
  (sig. L3v) [The Shepheardes Calender (1579; facsimile rpt. by Scholar's Facsimiles & Reprints (Delmar NY, 1979.)

1584 (Thomas Phayer and Thomas Twynne, The Aeneid)

Thou god, thy custome is, to shake triumphant hie thy speares,
Thy cheife delite is daunse, thou comely keepest thy holy heares.
  (book 7, lines 409-10)

On totherside Messapus sharpe, and Latines fierce to fight,
And Coras with his brother, and Camillas winge so bright
Standforth against them in the field, and launces fast do make
Within their restes, & pointes of trembling speares fast charged shake,
Their foes abode, and noise of steedes them sore on fier do set.
  (book 11, lines 625-29)

Aeneas forcing forth a mighty speare in hand doth shake
Of sturdy timber framde, and with great courage thus he spake.
  (book 12, lines 952-953)

Whilst thus he doubtes, Aeneas forth his speare doth shake in sight,
And vauntadge watcheth with his eie, and strait with all his might,
Afar he flings it forth.
  (book 12, lines 986-988)

[The Aeneid of Thomas Phaer and Thomas Twyne: A critical edition introducing Renaissance metrical typography, edited by Steven Lally. (New York: Garland, 1987), pp. 157, 259, 293, 294.]


1585 (John Sharrock, "The notable Battailes and high exployts of the English nation")

How valiauntly the warlike race of mightie Brute did beare,
Themselves in blouddy campes of Mars, how they the trembling speare
With courage shooke, and troupes of foes by force in fight did foyle,
Full fiften hundred yeares agoe, when Caesar first this soyle
With Romish army did assault.
  (sig. A1r)

  ...The quivering speare to shake,
At Tilt, and Torney eke, th'appoint for foure and xx dayes,
Which number just of Britaine Peers, as challengers forthwayes
To externe nations Legats send, such tydings for to blase.
  (sig.D2r)

[In The valiant actes And victorious Battailes of the English nation. (London: Robert Walde-grave, 1585)]


1590 (Christopher Marlowe, Tamburlaine, Part I)

Five hundred thousand footmen threat'ning shot,
Shaking their swords, their spears, and iron bills,
Environing their standard round, that stood
As bristle-pointed as a thorny wood.
  (4.1.24-27)
[In Doctor Faustus and Other Plays, edited by David Bevington and Eric Rasmussen. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 43.]


1590 (Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, books 1-3)

Yet gold all is not, that doth golden seeme,
Ne all good knights, that shake well speare and shield:
  (2.8.14.5-6)

Great shame and sorrow of that fall he tooke;
For never yet, sith warlike armes he bore,
And shiuering speare in bloudie field first shooke,
He found himself dishonored so sore.
  (3.1.7.1-4)

Large were his limbes, and terrible his looke,
And in his clownish hand a sharp bore speare he shooke.
  (3.1.17.8-9)

[The Faerie Queene, edited by Thomas P. Roche, Jr. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978)]


1593 (George Peele, Polyhymnia)

Thus long (I say) sat Sydney and beheld
The shivers flie of many a shaken speare,
When mounted on a Courser trapt in white,
And thoroughly wel appointed he and his;
Pure sparkes of Vertue kindling Honors fire,
He thought he might, and for he might, he would
Reach at this glorie, faire befall him still:
  (lines 227-30)
[In The Life and Minor Works of George Peele, edited by David H. Horne. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1952), p. 240.]


1593 (George Peele, King Edward the First)

Now brave John Balliol Lord of Gallaway,
And king of Scots shine with thy goulden head,
Shake thy speres in honour of his name,
Under whose roialtie thou wearst the same.
  (lines 759-62)
[Malone Society Reprints, 1911]


1593 (Barnabe Barnes, Partenophil and Partenophe)

When Mars return'd from warre,
Shaking his speare a farre
  Cupid beheld:
At him in iest Mars shak'd his speare,
Which Cupid with his darte did barre
  Which millions quelled:
Then Mars desierd his darte to beare,
But soone the waight his force did marre.
  (Ode 15, lines 9-16)
[Partenophil and Parthenophe: A Critical Edition, edited by Victor A. Doyno. (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1971), p. 112]


1596 (Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene)

With that they gan their shiuering speares to shake,
And deadly points at eithers breast to bend,
Forgetfull each to haue bene euer others frend.
  (4.2.14.7-9)

Where fast infixed, whilest he fought by flight
It forth to wrest, the staffe a sunder brake,
And left the head behind: with which despight
He all enrag'd, his shiuering speare did shake,
And charging him afresh thus felly him bespake.
  (4.3.10.5-9)

[The Second Part of the Faerie Queene (London: William Ponsonby, 1596; facsimile reprint by Scholar Press, 1976), pp. 25, 40]


1598 (Robert Tofte, transl., Orlando Inamorato)

Anselmo della Ripa, countie vile,
Thinkes (in him selfe) revengement for to take,
For his friends shame, by some deceitfull guile,
Which was assoone as Astolf forth did make,
To anyone (on sudden) he the while
Unawares would set on him: Rinard doth shake
His speare first gainst him, Anselm comes behind,
And Astolff on his feet to set doth minde.
  (sig.G3r)
[Orlando Inamorato: Done into English Heroical Verse by R.T., Gentleman (London: Valentine Simms, 1598)]


1600 (Edward Fairfax, transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne)

What strength resist? What sleight her wrath can shonne?
Goe shake thy speare, and draw thy flaming blade,
And trie if hunger so be weaker made.
  (book 2, stanza 74, lines 6-8)

The tender children, and the fathers old,
The aged matrons, and the virgin chast,
That durst not shake the speare, nor target hold,
Themselves devoutly in their temples plast,
The rest, of members strong and courage bold;
On hardie brestes their harness dond in haste,
  Some to the walles, some to the gates them dight,
  The king mean-while directs them all aright.
    (book 3, stanza 11)

These hands were made to shake sharp speares & swords,
Not to be tide in gives and twisted cords.
  (book 5, stanza 42)

[Godfrey of Bulloigne, or the Recoverie of Jerusalem, done into English Heroicall Verse, by Edward Fairefax, Gent.. (London: I. Jaggard and M. Lownes, 1600), pp. 34, 41, 83]


c.1600 (Anon., "Kinmont Willie")

And have they een taen him Kinmont Willie,
  Withouten either dread or fear,
And forgotten that the bauld Bacleuch
  Can back a steed, or shake a spear?
  (stanza 12)
[In The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, edited by Francis James Child. (New York: Dover, 1965), vol. III, p.473.]


1609 (Thomas Heywood, Troia Britanica)

And shaking in his hand an Oaken Speare
Headed with Brasse: he thus bold Perseus greets:
Behold, th'avenger of my nuptial Pheere,
Whom thou wouldst force: The Pallace Courts & streets
Glister in armes, and canst thou hope to beare
Andromeda from hence, him Cepheus meets,
  And as he was about his Speare to cast
  At warlike Perseus, Thus replyes at last.
  (canto 6, stanza 32)
[Troia Britanica: or, Great Britaines Troy, p. 122]


1609 (John Davies of Hereford, "The Triumph of Death")

No human power can their force withstand;
They laugh to scorn the shaking of the Speare:
[In Humours heav'n on earth. (London: A. Islip, 1609)]


1610 (John Marston, Histrio-mastix)

Come Cressida my Cresset light,
Thy face doth shine both day and night,
Behold, behold, thy garter blue,
Thy knight his valiant elboe weares,
That When he shakes his furious Speare,
The foe in shivering fearefull sort,
May lay him down in death to snort.
  (sig.C4r)
[Histrio-mastix, or the Player Whip't. (London: Thomas Thorp, 1610; facsimile reprint by Tudor Facsimile Texts, 1912)]


1620 (Giles Fletcher the Younger, Christs Victorie, and Triumph   in Heaven, and Earth)

She ended, and the heav'nly Hierarchies,
Burning in zeale, thickly imbranded weare:
Like to an armie, that allarum cries,
And every one shakes his ydraded speare,
And the Almighties selfe, ans he would teare
  The earth, and her firme basis quite in sunder,
  Flam'd all in just revenge, and mightie thunder,
Heav'n stole it selfe from earth by clouds that moisterd under.
  ("Christs Victorie in Heaven", stanza 40)

What should I here depeint her lillie hand,
Her veines of violets, her ermine brest,
Which thear in orient colours living stand,
Or how her gowne with silken leaves is drest;
Or how her watchmen, arm'd with boughie crest,
  A wall of prim hid in his bushes bears,
  Shaking at every winde their leavie spears,
While she supinely sleeps, ne to be waked fears?
  ("Christs Victorie on Earth", stanza 44)

[In Giles and Phineas Fletcher: Poetical Works, edited by Frederick S. Boas. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1908), pp. 28, 51]


1621 (Joshua Sylvester, "A Divine & True Tragi-Comedy;   Job Triumphant in his Triall")

Darts daunt Him not, more then they Stubble were:
He laugheth at the shaking of a Speare:
Sharp ragged Stones, Keen-poynted Sherds and Shels,
He resteth on, amid his muddy Cels.
  (book 4)
[In Du Bartas His Divine Weekes and Workes. (London: Humphrey Lownes, 1621), p. 948]


1625 (Thomas Heywood, transl., The Art of Love)

Cast off these loose vailes and thy armour take,
And in thy hand the speare of Pelias shake.
[Publii. Ovidii Nasonis De Arte Amandi: or, The Art of Love (c. 1625), p 29]


1632 (George Sandys, transl., Metamorphosis)

The youths each others bloods With high-rais'd shoots inflame: who keepe their stands:
And shake their broad-tipt speares with threatening hands.
  (book 8)
[Ovid's Metamorphosis Englished, Mythologized, and Represented in Figures. (Oxford: John Lichfield, 1632), p. 273]


1634 (John Russell, "The Battell of Lypsich")

...the close-rankt Pikes advance
With steadie arm, and fearlesse countenance,
Shaking their pointed spears,...
[In The Two Famous Pitcht Battels of Lypsich, and Lutzen. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1634)]